In honor of #Juneteenth here is a paper talisman written by enslaved African Muslims in early America. These paper talismans were used for protection and to organize resistance. They also highlight the high levels of literacy.

“I want to be remembered as someone who was sincere. Even if I made mistakes, they were made in sincerity. If I was wrong I was wrong in sincerity” Malcolm X, assassinated February 21st, 1965 at the age of 39.

during the Great Famine, the Ottoman sultan moved by the suffering of the Irish tried to donate 10,000 (equivalent of 1 mil today). Queen Victoria personally intervened asking him not. So Sultan Abdulmejid I secretly sent ships of food & medici